Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Exercises

Key Takeaways

• Shoulder impingement syndrome often presents with pain during overhead activities or when reaching behind the back.

• Repetitive movements, such as those in various sports can increase the risk of developing shoulder impingement.

• Proper diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination and imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs.

• Treatment typically includes rest, physical therapy, and exercises to strengthen shoulder muscles.

• MSK Doctors leads the UK in musculoskeletal healthcare, providing specialized treatment for patients suffering from Shoulder Impingement Syndrome.

Identifying Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common condition that affects many people, especially those who engage in repetitive overhead activities. It occurs when the tendons or bursa in the shoulder become pinched or irritated by the bones of the shoulder joint. 

Most people with shoulder impingement experience pain that is often felt in the front of the shoulder. 

Types of Shoulder Impingement

Primary impingement is typically related to structural issues within the shoulder, such as bone spurs that narrow the space available for tendons and bursa. Secondary impingement is often due to muscle weakness or instability in the shoulder joint, which can cause the tendons to become pinched during movement. 

Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

• Pain when raising your arm above your head or reaching behind your back.

• Discomfort that radiates from the front of the shoulder to the side of the arm.

• Mild but persistent pain while resting, often worsening at night.

• Weakness in the shoulder and arm, especially during overhead activities.

• A sensation of "catching" or "clicking" when moving your shoulder.

• Difficulty with everyday tasks such as washing hair, reaching high shelves, or putting on certain clothing.

Causes of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

• Repetitive overhead movements are a primary cause - which is why athletes in sports like swimming, tennis, and baseball are more susceptible. 

• Jobs that require frequent lifting or reaching can also increase the risk.

• Certain anatomical factors such as a naturally narrow space between the shoulder bones - can predispose individuals to impingement. 

• Age, as the tendons and bursa can degenerate over time, leading to increased vulnerability.

Diagnostic Methods for Shoulder Impingement

Physical Examination Techniques

The first diagnostic method for shoulder impingement syndrome is a physical examination that assesses the range of motion and strength in your shoulder. 

Specific tests, such as the Neer or Hawkins-Kennedy test, may be performed to check for impingement. These tests involve controlled arm movements that help identify the source of pain and assess the severity of the condition.

Imaging Tests

Imaging tests can offer a more detailed view of the shoulder's internal structures. X-rays are often the first step, as they can reveal bone spurs or other structural abnormalities contributing to impingement.

If further investigation is needed, an MRI might be recommended. MRIs provide detailed images of the soft tissues, including tendons and bursae, helping to identify inflammation or tears. 

Treatment Options for Shoulder Impingement

Non-Surgical Treatments

For most individuals, non-surgical treatments are effective in managing shoulder impingement since they focus on reducing inflammation and improving shoulder mechanics. Some of them are:

• Rest: Avoid activities that exacerbate pain, particularly those involving overhead movements.

• Ice therapy: Applying ice packs to the shoulder can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain.

• Anti-inflammatory medications: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen can provide relief from pain and inflammation.

Surgical Interventions

If non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief, or if the impingement is caused by structural issues, surgery may be considered.

Common procedures include:

• Arthroscopic surgery: A minimally invasive procedure where small instruments are used to remove bone spurs or inflamed tissue.

• Open surgery: In more severe cases, open surgery may be required to address extensive structural issues.

Effective Exercises for Shoulder Impingement

Once a diagnosis of shoulder impingement is confirmed, exercises become a key component of the treatment plan. These exercises are designed to improve flexibility, strengthen the shoulder muscles, and enhance overall shoulder mechanics, reducing the risk of future impingement.

Stretching Exercises

Stretching helps to maintain flexibility and prevent stiffness in the shoulder joint. Here are some effective stretching exercises:

• Crossover Arm Stretch: Stand or sit and bring one arm across your chest. Use the opposite hand to gently pull the arm closer to your chest, holding the stretch for 15-30 seconds. Repeat on the other side.

• Doorway Stretch: Stand in a doorway with your arms at a 90-degree angle, resting on the doorframe. Step forward slowly until you feel a stretch in the front of your shoulders. Hold for 15-30 seconds.

Strengthening Exercises

Strengthening exercises focus on building the muscles around the shoulder, enhancing stability, and supporting proper shoulder mechanics. Here are some recommended strengthening exercises:

• External Rotation: Use a resistance band or light dumbbell. Keep your elbow at a 90-degree angle and rotate your arm outward, away from your body. Perform 10-15 repetitions on each side.

• Scapular Retraction: Sit or stand with your arms at your sides. Squeeze your shoulder blades together, holding for a few seconds before releasing. Repeat 10-15 times.

If you experience any pain during the exercises, take some time and book a consultation with us. 

Expert Care for Your Shoulder Impingement Journey

At MSK Doctors, our approach to treating shoulder impingement goes beyond standard care – we combine advanced diagnostic technology with personalized treatment plans to address your specific needs. With no GP referral needed, you can access our expert team directly and receive same-day evaluation, including advanced imaging if necessary. 

From our expertise in treating shoulder impingement syndrome, we can offer you a tailored program of treatments and exercises that can strengthen shoulder muscles and improve flexibility.

Ready to address your shoulder pain with specialists who understand the complexity of shoulder impingement? Book your consultation with MSK Doctors today and take the first step toward improved shoulder health.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How does MSK Doctors diagnose shoulder impingement?

We use a combination of physical examination, advanced AI motion analysis, and imaging tests when necessary to provide precise diagnosis and understand your specific movement patterns.

What treatment options are available at MSK Doctors? 

We offer comprehensive treatment plans including physical therapy, tailored exercise programs, and if needed, advanced interventions, all supported by our expert orthopedic team.

How long does recovery from shoulder impingement typically take? 

Recovery time varies, but with our targeted treatment approach and proper adherence to the prescribed program, many patients see significant improvement within a few weeks to months.

Can I prevent shoulder impingement from recurring? 

You can help prevent shoulder impingement from recurring by maintaining proper posture, strengthening shoulder muscles, avoiding repetitive overhead activities, and practicing proper mechanics during activities.

What makes MSKDoctors different from other clinics? 

At MSK Doctors, our combination of cutting-edge technology, no-wait GP referrals, same-day comprehensive care, and expert specialists ensures you receive the most effective and efficient treatment for your shoulder condition.