Cervical Radiculopathy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Exercises

Key Takeaways

• Cervical radiculopathy is a condition caused by nerve root compression in the cervical spine, leading to pain, numbness, and muscle weakness.

• Symptoms are radiating pain, tingling sensations, muscle weakness, and potential reflex changes in the neck, shoulders, and arms.

• Treatment approaches include physical therapy, medications, and targeted exercises.

• Maintain good posture, make ergonomic adjustments, and stay active to reduce the risk of nerve compression.

• At MSK Doctors, we offer cutting-edge musculoskeletal care using AI technology, no GP referral needed, and a patient-centric approach to treating cervical radiculopathy.

What is Cervical Radiculopathy? 

Cervical radiculopathy is a condition characterised by the compression, irritation, or damage to a nerve root in the cervical spine, leading to various symptoms and functional impairments.

The cervical spine, which is the portion of the spine located in the neck, consists of seven vertebrae. Nerves exit the spine through small openings between these vertebrae. When these nerves are compressed, it can lead to cervical radiculopathy (image courtesy of SpringerLink). 

Symptoms of Cervical Radiculopathy

• Pain that radiates from the neck into the shoulder and down the arm is a common symptom. It can vary in intensity and may feel sharp, burning, or like an electric shock.

• Numbness or tingling sensation in the fingers or hand aka paresthesia (a "pins and needles" sensation) may occur, depending on the dermatomal distribution of the affected nerve.

• Muscle weakness in the arm, shoulder, or hand is common, affecting specific muscle groups based on the nerve root involved.

• Changes in reflexes, such as diminished biceps or triceps reflexes, can occur.

• Occipital headaches are common due to referred pain from the neck.

• Scapular pain or pain or stiffness in the scapular region can occur due to muscle tension or referred pain.

• Postural defects or stiffness due to discomfort and muscle imbalances.

Causes of Nerve Compression

In younger individuals, a herniated disc is a common cause. This occurs when the soft inner material of a spinal disk pushes through a tear in the tougher outer layer, pressing on a nerve.

The causes of cervical radiculopathy are varied, but they often relate to changes in the spine due to aging or injury. 

As we age, the spine can undergo degenerative changes, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis or the formation of bone spurs. These can narrow the space through which the nerves travel, causing compression. Injuries, poor posture, and repetitive movements can also contribute to nerve compression.

Diagnosis and Testing Methods

Diagnosing cervical radiculopathy typically begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. To confirm the diagnosis, imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be used. These tests help visualise the spine and identify the exact location and cause of nerve compression. 

In some cases, an electromyography (EMG) test may be performed to assess the electrical activity of your muscles and nerves.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments

Non-surgical treatments often focus on reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and improving neck strength and flexibility.

A physical therapist can guide you through exercises that aim to strengthen neck and shoulder muscles, improve posture, and increase range of motion. Other therapies like cervical traction and heat or cold therapy may be recommended to provide relief.

Medication and Pain Management

Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce the pain and inflammation associated with nerve compression.

For more severe pain, your doctor may prescribe stronger medications, such as muscle relaxants or corticosteroids to decrease inflammation and provide relief from acute pain. 

Cervical Spine Exercises

Neck Flexion Exercise

The neck flexion exercise is designed to stretch and strengthen the muscles at the front of your neck. 

To perform this exercise:

1. Sit or stand up straight 

2. And slowly lower your chin toward your chest. 

3. Hold this position for a few seconds

4. Then return to the starting position.

Repeat this movement several times, ensuring you perform it slowly and gently to avoid straining the muscles. This exercise helps improve the flexibility of the cervical spine and can reduce tension in the neck area.

Neck Rotation Exercise

Neck rotation exercises are beneficial for increasing the range of motion and reducing stiffness in the neck. 

To perform this exercise:

1. Sit or stand with your back straight. 

2. Slowly turn your head to one side

3. Trying to align your chin with your shoulder.

4. Hold this position for a few seconds before returning to the center and repeating on the other side. 

Perform this exercise several times on each side, focusing on smooth, controlled movements. Neck rotation exercises help maintain mobility and can alleviate pressure on the nerves.

Strengthening Exercises for Upper Body

Strengthening the muscles of the upper body, particularly those in the shoulders and upper back, can provide better support for the cervical spine. 

Exercises such as:

• shoulder shrugs, 

• scapular squeezes, 

• resistance band exercises can be effective. 

Prevention Techniques

Posture Improvement

Improving your posture is one of the most effective ways to prevent cervical radiculopathy:

• When sitting, use a chair that supports your lower back and keeps your feet flat on the floor. Keep your computer screen at eye level to avoid straining your neck.

• When standing, distribute your weight evenly on both feet and keep your shoulders back. Practicing good posture can alleviate stress on the cervical spine and reduce the risk of nerve compression.

Ergonomic Adjustments

Making ergonomic adjustments in your workspace can also help prevent cervical radiculopathy. Ensure your workstation is set up to promote good posture and reduce strain on your neck and shoulders.

Consider using an ergonomic chair with lumbar support, and position your keyboard and mouse within easy reach. Taking regular breaks to stretch and move around can also prevent muscle fatigue and stiffness.

Long-term Management Tips

• Stay active: Engage in regular physical activity to keep your muscles strong and flexible.

• Follow your exercise routine: Consistently perform the exercises recommended by your physical therapist.

• Manage stress: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation to reduce tension in your neck and shoulders.

• Schedule regular check-ups: Keep in touch with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and adjust your treatment plan as needed.

Final Thoughts on Managing Cervical Radiculopathy

Living with cervical radiculopathy can be challenging, but at MSK Doctors, we believe in transforming pain into progress. 

Our specialised approach goes beyond traditional treatment, leveraging state-of-the-art musculoskeletal MAI-Motion AI technology to provide precision-driven care. 

Our team of expert orthopaedic consultants doesn't just treat symptoms—we empower you with comprehensive care, from advanced diagnostic techniques to innovative treatment options. 

Don't let neck pain and nerve compression take over your life. At MSK Doctors, we're ready to help you reclaim your mobility and comfort. Contact us today and take the first step towards a pain-free, more active life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What exactly is cervical radiculopathy?

Cervical radiculopathy is a condition where a nerve root in the neck becomes compressed or irritated, causing pain, weakness, or numbness that can radiate to the shoulders, arms, and hands.

What are the most common causes of cervical radiculopathy? 

Common causes include herniated disks, age-related degenerative changes, osteoarthritis, bone spurs, injuries, poor posture, and repetitive movements.

Can cervical radiculopathy be treated without surgery? 

Yes, many cases can be effectively managed through non-surgical treatments like physical therapy, medications, exercises, and lifestyle modifications.

How long does it take to recover from cervical radiculopathy? 

Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the condition and individual factors. Typically, with proper treatment, many patients see improvement within a few weeks to months.

Why choose MSK Doctors for cervical radiculopathy treatment? 

At MSK Doctors, we offer state-of-the-art musculoskeletal care with no GP referral needed, use advanced AI technology, provide personalised treatment plans, and have a 5-star Google rating for exceptional patient care.