Frozen Shoulder: Causes, Symptoms and Effective Rehabilitation Strategies

Introduction

frozen shoulder, medically termed as adhesive capsulitis, is a debilitating health condition which significantly impacts the daily life, mobility and performance in activities of affected individuals. With its painful symptoms and limited range of motion, frozen shoulder is a hindrance that necessitates comprehensive understanding for effective management. This article unravels the intricacies of this condition, discussing cause, symptoms, preventative and treatment strategies and more.

Causes and Risk Factors

frozen shoulder is caused by inflammation and thickening of the shoulder capsule (the pocket of connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint), causing it to tighten around the joint. While the precise cause remains unclear, risk factors encompass being over 40 years old, being female, sedentary lifestyle, and medical conditions like diabetes, heart diseases, and Parkinson’s disease. 

Symptoms and Diagnostic Methods

Early symptoms include a gradual increase in shoulder pain and a decreasing range of motion. As the condition intensifies, the shoulder becomes stiffer and virtually immobile. Doctors perform physical examinations to evaluate the pain and movement limitations, supplemented with X-rays or MRI scans in some cases. 

Immediate Actions

For people suspecting a frozen shoulder, immediate action involves resting the shoulder and using over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief. Professional medical advice should be sought without delay. 

Prevention Strategies 

Early intervention holds pivotal importance and incorporating lifestyle changes is beneficial. Regular shoulder exercises help maintain shoulder mobility, and maintaining a healthy weight decreases the risk of various conditions including frozen shoulder.

Treatment Options 

Non-invasive treatment, such as physiotherapy, NSAIDs, and corticosteroid injections, aim to alleviate pain and restore mobility. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended, with procedures like arthroscopic capsular release, where the shoulder capsule is surgically stretched or released.

Surgical Considerations 

Surgery is the last resort. It entails either manual manipulation, where the patient is under anaesthesia and the doctor moves the shoulder, or arthroscopic surgery, which allows the doctor to cut through tight parts of the shoulder joint capsule. 

Recovery and Rehabilitation 

Post-surgery, an intensive physical therapy regiment is required, with timelines ranging from a few weeks to several months. It's critical to follow therapy programs diligently for optimal recovery.

Special Considerations 

With children, frozen shoulder is a rarity but in athletes, particularly those in sports involving overhead motion such as tennis or swimming, it's imperative to take preventative measures. 

Complications and Long-term Management 

Severe cases can potentially lead to permanent loss of range of motion. Long-term management strategies include regular physiotherapy and shoulder-friendly exercises.